The wise are instructed by reason, average minds by experience, the stupid by necessity and the brute by instinct

The wise are instructed by reason, average minds by experience, the stupid by necessity and the brute by instinct

Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman philosopher, statesman, and orator, is known for his profound insights into human nature and the workings of the world. One of his famous quotes, “The wise are instructed by reason, average minds by experience, the stupid by necessity and the brute by instinct,” encapsulates his belief in the different ways in which individuals learn and grow.

Cicero believed that wisdom comes from the ability to think critically and logically, to analyze situations and make informed decisions based on reason. The wise are those who are able to see beyond the surface level of things, who can understand the underlying principles and causes of events. They are not swayed by emotions or impulses, but rather rely on their intellect and judgment to guide them.

On the other hand, average minds learn through experience. They may not possess the same level of intellectual prowess as the wise, but they are able to learn from their past actions and mistakes. Through trial and error, they gain knowledge and insight that helps them navigate through life. Experience teaches them valuable lessons that shape their understanding of the world and their place in it.

The stupid, according to Cicero, are those who are unable to learn from reason or experience. They are driven by necessity, by the immediate demands and pressures of their circumstances. They lack the ability to think critically or reflect on their actions, and instead react impulsively to the challenges they face. Necessity forces them to act in ways that may not be in their best interest, leading to further mistakes and missteps.

Lastly, the brute, according to Cicero, is guided solely by instinct. They lack the capacity for rational thought or reflection, and instead rely on their primal urges and impulses to guide them. They are driven by their basic instincts for survival and self-preservation, without the ability to consider the consequences of their actions.